Essentially it shows us a picture of all their chromosomes next to their partner.
Karyogram mutations
The individual to the left, has an extra Y chromosome. Although you may assume this is an advantage, because the Y chromosome makes us male, it actually cases infertility.
This extra chromosome causes Azoospermia. Meaning the individuals sperm count in incredibly low, and their movement is slow.
Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder. Unlike some chromosomal disorders, this is visible and noticeable at birth.
It results from an extra 21 chromosome. This is called Trisomy 21.
Tuner syndrome is a case where the individual will loose an entire sex chromosome or it is damaged/abnormal.